with an axe (qadum). [75] Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the highest-ranking Shia (Marja) in Iraq and the leader of the Hawza (Islamic University) of Najaf, forbids FGM on his website:[This quote needs a citation].mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. [3] The preferred age is usually seven, although some Muslims are circumcised as early as on the seventh day after birth and as late as at the commencement of puberty. But the purpose of circumcising women is to regulate their desire, because if a woman is not circumcised her desire will be strong. Campaign against female genital mutilation in colonial Kenya, Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research, "Classification of female genital mutilation", Social Dynamics of Abandonment of Harmful Practices: A New Look at the Theory, "Care of women with female genital mutilation/cutting", "Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account", "In Mauritania, progress made in ending female genital mutilation/cutting", "Religious fatwa for banning all forms of FGM/C", "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", "Iraqi Kurdistan: FGM Fatwa Positive, but Not Definitive", "Editorial: The Jewish And Christian View On Female Genital Mutilation", Female genital mutilation survey in Somaliland, "Female Genital Cutting: The Beginning of the End", "Islam and Female Genital Cutting in Southeast Asia: The Weight of the Past", "Fresh progress toward the elimination of female genital mutilation and cutting in Egypt", "Egypt Officials Ban Female Circumcision", "Egypt mufti says female circumcision forbidden", "Secretary general of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation speaks in Jakarta at conference on the role of women in development", "Islamischer Zentralrat verteidigt die Beschneidung von Mdchen", "Mutilating bodies: the Muslim Brotherhood's gift to Egyptian women", "Islamic Ruling on Male and Female Circumcision", "Female Circumcision in Indonesia: To Islamize in Ceremony or Secrecy", "The Practice of Female Circumcision in Malaysia", "A Tiny Cut": Female Circumcision in South East Asia", "The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation", "Indonesian Ulema in favour of female circumcision: a 'human right'", "MUI pushes government to circumcise girls", "Has female genital mutilation been an old and common practice in history? indicated by the general meaning of the evidence that has been narrated (1999). According to the mentioned Hadith, Islam, if at all, permits the most basic kind of circumcision, which is the removal of the genital prepuce- similar to the prepuce of a penis 2. but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the clitoris Muslim (527) from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him): I heard the Tehran, Al-Maktabah al-Islamiyyah, 1982. peace, was circumcised when he was 120 years old. Performing FGM, including arranging for it to be performed overseas on resident Swiss girls, was outlawed in the country in 2012. They rely on sayings that come from classical Shte Muslim scholars. Here, the word pledge will have higher weight than hijrah. [1][2][3][4][17] There is mention of it on a Greek papyrus from 163 BCE and a possible indirect reference to it on a coffin from Egypt's Middle Kingdom (c.19911786 BCE). 1938. [47], Senior Muslim religious authorities agree that FGM is neither required nor prohibited by Islam. [2] Some Salafis have argued that circumcision is required in Islam to provide ritual cleanliness based on the covenant with Abraham, while the purpose of female circumcision for Muslim women is to "regulate" and reduce their sexual desires. Joo dos Santos wrote in 1609 of a group near Mogadishu who had a "custome to sew up their Females, especially their slaves being young to make them unable for conception, which makes these slaves sell dearer, both for their chastitie, and for better confidence which their Masters put in them". Questions cannot be asked through this form, Natural character and instinct of the human creation. [6] There are four WHO categories: FGM is concentrated in what Gerry Mackie called an "intriguingly contiguous" zone in Africaeast to west from Somalia to Senegal, and north to south from Egypt to Tanzania. [46] The above narration is designated as "weak"; according to the Islamic criteria of authenticity, it is missing a link in the chain of narrators and it is found in only one of the six undisputed hadith collections. Then Allah revealed to him saying, You rushed to do it before We told you what tool to use. He said, O Lord, I did not want to delay obeying Your command., Circumcision was one of the things with which Allah tested Ibrahim, His Close Friend. narrated that he (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised a [by whom?] [8][9][10][11], The Quran itself does not mention circumcision explicitly in any verse. There is no equivalent of a Jewish 'mohel' in Islam. says is: "Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) In the male it is also called i'dhar. In the case of women, it serves a useful purpose which is to reduce desire. for him for his deen, his intellect and things like that.' With regard to a man, he cannot be clean from urine unless he is circumcised, because drops of urine collect underneath the foreskin and he cannot be sure that they will not drip and make his clothes and body impure. Sahiyo. before Islam, and the lady who performed these kinds of surgery was dates into the child's mouth. swore~ him peace, was circumcised when he was eighty years old. for forty years. Sahih al-Bukhari 6298 - Asking Permission - Sunnah.com test* Ibrahim Lethome Asmani, Maryam Sheikh Abdi, Religious views on female genital mutilation, Al-Azhar Supreme Council of Islamic Research, "Abraham's Test: Islamic Male Circumcision as Anti/Ante-Covenantal Practice", Symposium Series (Society of Biblical Literature), "Reported Male Circumcision Practices in a Muslim-Majority Setting", "Islamic Law and the Issue of Male and Female Circumcision", "Is Circumcision obligatory after conversion? Religious views on female genital mutilation, Samuel Waje Kunhiyop (2008): "Nowhere in all of Scripture or in any of recorded church history is there even a hint that women were to be circumcised.". But we would What does Islam say about female circumcision? Here, the word pledge will have higher weight than hijrah. than the other children since a ram had been sacrificed on our behalf. [22] The WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA defined FGM in 1997 as "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons". How circumcision is to be performed is mentioned in the hadith narrated by Umm Said said, "There is a man who has had intercourse Abd-al-Baqi, Cairo, Ibn Majah, Kitab Sunan, ed. '", Aslam, the client of 'Umar, said, "When we came to Syria with [68][69] Over 80 percent of Malaysian women claim religious obligation as the primary reason for practising FGM, along with hygiene (41 percent) and cultural practice (32 percent). That will be a stronger and nobler action for me.' hadith - Are these sources reliable and authentic for Female Malik ibn al-Mundhir) He went to some of the old people [58] The Hanafi and Hanbali schools of Islamic jurisprudence view it as makruma for women ("noble", as opposed to obligatory). pledge^4 hijrah it." Read more. Alsirah al-halabiyyah. Circumcision is obligatory in the case of men and Sunnah in the case of women. [78], In Pakistan and India female genital mutilation is practiced by Muslims of the Dawoodi Bohra and Sheedi communities, who believe that it leads to purity. another report: Take only a little and do not go to extremes., It is also "[28] Another narration from Jafar al-diq, the 6th Shte Imam, says: "Circumcise your sons when they are seven days old as it is cleaner (athar) and the flesh grows faster and because the earth hates the urine of the uncircumcised. "Mauritania fatwa bans female genital mutilation", BBC News, 18 January 2010. 'A'isha passed Lord of the Worlds.'". Thomas, Lynn M. (2000). cloak and Musa broke his fast. "A Tiny Cut": Female Circumcision in South East Asia", The Islamic Monthly. Until the 1980s FGM was widely known as female circumcision, which gave the erroneous impression that it was equivalent in severity and health effects to male circumcision. In Islam, circumcision is not obligatory. (this is called HufaaD).". [48][49] FGM is praised in a few hadith (sayings attributed to Muhammad) as noble but not required,[50] though the authenticity of these hadith has been questioned. [42] In Arabic, the practice is referred to as khaf (Arabic: ) or khifa (Arabic: ). None of the chains of narrators of this hadith are defect-less. Hence Abd-Allah ibn Abbas was very strict on the issue of circumcision . 'Uff!' and others are of the view that circumcising women is obligatory. He chewed the dates and opened the child's mouth and put some chewed In Iraq and Iran, it's carried out only among the Sunni minorities. But the scholars (may Allah have mercy on them) differed as to the ruling on circumcision. : : : ., : : : : : ., : : : ., : : : : . : ., : : : : ., : : : : : ., : : ., : : : : : : ., : : ., : : : : ., : : : : : : ., : : : : : : : ., : : : : : : : ., : : : : : ., : : : .. He added, 'I [2] Amongst Muslim legal scholars (Ulama), there are differing opinions about the compulsory or non-obligatory status of circumcision in accordance with the Islamic law (shara). ", Anas said, "On the day he was born, I took 'Abdullah ibn Abi Talha In the Sunnah, Muhammad stated that circumcision was a "law for men.". The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'The Ansar love dates,' and 'Yes,' I replied. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Circumcision is a Sunnah (obligation) for men, honour for women This hadith is not reported in the more reliable books of hadith of Bukhari and Muslim and is not even included in Mu'atta of Imam Malik. Circumcision of the female consists of the removal of a part of the clitoris, husband several times during hajj or umra out of obedience to him only has Nafi' reported that Ibn 'Umar used to trim his nails every fifteen Another sound (sahih) hadith, which is used to support female circumcision, concerns the fitrah of Islamic practice. 'Adi was sent for and he came to them. Clitoridectomy is one of several ceremonial procedures often referred to as female circumcision, female genital cutting, or female genital mutilation. 61382. 1) Circumcision is my way for men and ennobling in women (Baihaqi). 1. Hindu Javanese: Tengger Tradition and Islam. Fatwa on Female Circumcision - Fiqh Council of North America He was circumcised Al-Bukhaari A hadith on the topic of female circumcision has been attributed to the Prophet (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon Him), according to which he said: "Circumcision is a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the authenticity of this hadith. the armpits, and using the siwak (arak stick for cleaning the teeth).". bless him and grant him peace, and they were not examined at all. It is also used to describe the site of the circumcision, as in the hadith, "When the two circumcised parts (al-khitanan) meet, ghusl becomes obligatory." In the case of a female the word used is khafad. '", Abu Hurayra said, "Ibrahim, may Allah bless him and grant him Nabi (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: Do not cut too muchas that is better for a woman and more desirable for a husband, (Sunan Abi Dawud, Hadith: 5229, Mustadrak Hakim, vol. 'Uthman offered us Islam, but only myself and one other girl accepted Islam. of Islamic law which states in English translation: e4.3 Circumcision is obligatory (O: for both men and women. Views : They quote Al ibn Ab lib as saying: "If a man becomes Muslim, he must submit to circumcision even if he is 80 years old. [15], Several Muslim leaders have called for an end to the practice. "Female genital mutilation". Ahmad Ibn Hanbal 5:75; Abu Dawud, Adab 167, Page 766 of the Volume II of Al-Basaer wa al-Dhakha'ir, Abu Hayyan Tawhidi, Kayln, Damascus, 1964, Al-Kalini, Abu-Ja'afar Muhammad Ibn-Yaqub. In Malaysia, for example, the operation is a puberty rite that separates the boy from childhood and introduces him to adulthood. "Khitaan" in Arabic means the act of circumcising or being circumcised. "Fatwa", in Suad, Joseph and Afsaneh, Najmabadi, eds. Vol.1 Beirut: Al-maktabah al-islamiyyah. Ibrahim stood up and swept him with I gave him some [67], Islam introduced FGM into Indonesia and Malaysia from the 13th century on. ", Ibn Shihab said, "When a man became Muslim, he was ordered to It is essential that every Muslim washes before praying. Is there a Hadith which specifically mentionsfemale circumcision? [3] In some Muslim-majority countries, circumcision is performed on Muslim boys after they have learned to recite the whole Quran from start to finish. FGM is performed within the Dawoodi Bohra community in India, Pakistan, Yemen and East Africa. Hence immoral actions are more common among the women of the Tatars and the Franks, that are not found among the Muslim women. cutting; that is better for the woman and more liked by the husband. This [11] The Quran does not mention FGM or male circumcision. the pubes, trimming the moustache, cutting the nails and plucking the armpit In fact studying all these chains of narrators benefits a student of the science of hadith by introducing more than 30 problematic and weak narrators of hadith to him/her who are all over these chains of narrators. MALE CIRCUMCISION IN ISLAM - Darul Uloom Trinidad & Tobago "Will the Syedna finally denounce khatna now?". It is permissible to pay money for circumcision and for medical treatment. According to Sayyid Sabiq, the author of Fiqh-us-Sunnah, all hadiths concerning female circumcision are non-authentic. A hadith on the topic of female circumcision has been attributed to the Prophet (Peace For example swore~ would result in swore, snore, score, etc. Haworth, Abigail (17 November 2012). Kindly refer to a reputable Mufti/Darul Ifta for juristic ruling regarding female circumcision. Mid-day.com. a Sunnah for men, and an honour for women," but there is some debate as to the ibn Qarir, Musa ibn Yasar and I - visited Yahya ibn Hassan (al-Bakri Wildcards e.g. Vol. [54][55] Ali Gomaa, then Grand Mufti of Egypt, stated: "It's prohibited, prohibited, prohibited. It is mustahabb to circumcise females provided that is not done in an extreme manner. [87] The practice is forbidden in the Bah' Faith.[88]. gave him the name 'Abdullah. What does the Hadith say about circumcision? Some Muslims see circumcision as a preventive measure against infection and diseases. were circumcised, 'A'isha was asked, "Shall we call someone to amuse them?" . "Religious Circumcision: A Muslim View". [77] In 2017 two doctors and a third woman connected to the Dawoodi Bohra in Detroit, Michigan, were arrested on charges of conducting FGM on two seven-year-old girls in the United States. [6][15] Some adth report that Heraclius, Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, had referred to Muhammad as "the king of the circumcised". It is also narrated from the Prophet (S.A.S) that he said, 'There are five acts which conform to the pure nature: circumcision, removing the pubic hair, clipping the nails, removing the underarm hair and trimming the moustache'. That this occurred also among Muslims is shown by the following hadith: Various hadith define legal intercourse (for purity purposes) Al-Mughni, 1/115. him peace, and I fed them and they made supplication. it would not be possible to use this as an insult. Question: Is female circumcision obligatory or is tradition and merely recommended?Answer: If the purpose of female genital circumcision is cutting clitoris this operation is not right and is not a religious tradition. Therefore, all Muslims - devouts, liberals or seculars - observe this ritual. Source: she exclaimed, 'A shaytan! Ijtihad include fatwas (opinions of Muslim religious scholars), which are often widely distributed and describe behaviour that conforms to religious requirements. Create complex phrase and word queries by using Boolean logic. ("pledge allegiance" OR "shelter) AND prayer another hajj comes upon them, they must do hajj and sacrifice an animal. He brought us some food, but Musa held back that Umm al-Muhajir said, "I was captured with some girls from Byzantium. [1] However, there are other adth which don't name circumcision as part of the characteristics of fitra,[2][17] and yet another adth which names ten characteristics, again without naming circumcision;[2] in Sahih Muslim, Aisha, one of Muhammad's wives, is quoted with saying: "The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said: Ten are the acts according to fitra: clipping the mustache, letting the beard grow, using toothpicks, snuffing water in the nose, cutting the nails, washing the finger joints, plucking the hair under the armpits, shaving pubic hair and cleaning one's private parts with water. So it is permissible to pay money for it, like all other permissible actions. (Al-Mughni, 5/314), Source: The . [1][23], Circumcision was introduced to many lands of the Middle East and North Africa for the first time through Islam itself following the early Muslim conquests under the Rshidn Caliphate, whose commanders were the companions and contemporaries of Muhammad. have himself circumcised, even if he was old. This is why some scholars say: "Circumcision is obligatory for men and a signof respect in the case of women". Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Abul-Barakat said in his book al-Ghayah: In circumcision of a man, the skin at the tip of the penis (the foreskin) is removed; if he only removes most of it, that is permissible. "[18] Hence, the different hadiths do not agree on whether circumcision is part of fitra or not. "[55] Ekmeleddin hsanolu, Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation said in 2012 that FGM was "a ritual that has survived over centuries and must be stopped as Islam does not support it". Marriageability is its "main engine of continuation". It was narrated by Abu Dawood (5271), al-Tabaraani in al-Awsat, and Is there any evidence, such as a sahih hadeeth, that states that the prophet of Allah (Blessings and peace be upon him) had or allowed his wives and/or daughters to be circumcised in any shape or form?. authenticity of this hadith. [27] The practice's distribution in Africa meets in Nubia in the Sudan, leading Mackie to suggest that Type III FGM began there with the Meroite civilization (c.800BCEc.350CE) to increase confidence in paternity. "Yes," she replied. Create complex phrase and word queries by using Boolean logic. the husband. Bodily Integrity and Male Circumcision: An Islamic Perspective After him, circumcision continued among the messengers and their followers, even the Messiah. still recognise the supplication of that day in him. [16] It has been found among Coptic Christians in Egypt, Orthodox Christians in Ethiopia, and Protestants and Catholics in Sudan and Kenya. Dr Muhammad Sayyid Al-Tantawi (b. In this book he wrote an extensive chapter in which he spoke of circumcision and the rulings thereon . 1 "Circumcision is obligatory (for every male and female) (by cutting off the piece of skin on the glans of the penis of the male, but circumcision of the female is by cutting out the bazr 'clitoris' [this is called khufaadh 'female circumcision'])." 'Umdat al-Salik e4.3, Open in a separate window Who can be better in religion than one who submits his whole self to Allah, does good, and follows the way of Ibrahim the true in Faith? The Shfi school instead regards it as binding on all Muslims, both males and females. Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) say: The fitrah is [6] There is no fixed age for circumcision in Islam,[2][3][4][7] and the age when boys get circumcised, and the procedures used, tends to change across countries, cultures, families, and time. [22], FGM is found mostly within and adjacent to Muslim communities. explanation of the Islamic reasons for (male) circumcision. Term Boosting e.g. The custom is also done in Muslim areas in the Balkans where the celebration is called "Synet". (Imam) Ahmad said: "FAQs: Who are the Dawoodi Bohras?". by MuhammadLutfi al-Sabbagh published by World Health Organisation (1996). Boolean Operators e.g. Fatwas have been issued forbidding FGM,[13] favouring it,[14] and leaving the decision to parents but advising against it.
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