A sequential logic system would require that the belt be buckled after the seat has been occupied in order for the system to recognize the seat belt as being buckled; An occupant buckles the seat belt behind themselves. To the extent possible, we will also consider comments filed after the closing date. Your body reacts to an alarm reaction by releasing _______ into your blood stream: with severe emotional pain, the driver could turn to substance ___ to hide emotional pain. 208. ]';~,v7['.v&Z-Mf]PGW#^fU;$Q:FHo>qhp-^J9M0*EIdCH_"g2Zd\nJCCPbk+3n*]*1n-J"HMrGR> 3H^ V)FaV"kh Using a seat belt is one of the most effective actions a motor vehicle occupant can take to prevent death and injury in a crash. 13771 (82 FR 9339 (Feb. 3, 2017)) because it is an advance notice of proposed rulemaking.Start Printed Page 51090. For complete information about, and access to, our official publications For systems with rear seat occupant detection, a 30-second audible signal needs to activate before reaching a vehicle speed of 25 km/h or before traveling 500 meters when any occupied seat has an unbuckled belt. NHTSA-2010-0061). shot of 80 proof whiskey, a 5 oz. 0000013109 00000 n Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Toyota introduced rear seat belt warning systems in several MY 2017 vehicles and increased the number of equipped vehicles in MY 2018. How do I submit confidential business information? 0000042679 00000 n 208 by removing the 8-second limitation would eliminate the need to differentiate between signals and give vehicle manufacturers greater flexibility in designing their seat belt warning systems. For a fuller discussion of the history of the active and passive protection requirements in FMVSS No. Volvo and Jaguar Land Rover vehicles sold in the United States and equipped with rear seat belt warnings provide a change-of-status warning. Relevant information about this document from Regulations.gov provides additional context. 0000016204 00000 n NHTSA could potentially establish criteria in NCAP for rear seat belt warning systems as it does for other vehicle safety features. 0000009615 00000 n 0000007371 00000 n Without a rear seat belt warning, the driver must turn around to ascertain whether a rear seat occupant is using a seat belt (or ask the occupant); in some vehicles, belt use may not be evident to the driver, even if he or she turned around, due to line-of-sight limitations. The TRB report (published in 2004) found that new seat belt use technologies could increase belt use without being overly intrusive. The vehicles in the study sample had a wide variety of seat belt warning systems. [83] The number of non-drivers surveyed was relatively small. The seat belt and/or occupant detection sensors utilized by the rear warning system in vehicles with removable rear seats are intentionally disconnected. documents in the last year, 9 0000108954 00000 n House Report 107-108, June 22, 2001. Accordingly, we recommend that you periodically check the Docket for new material. 0000042866 00000 n on If one vehicle is going 20 mph and another is going 60 mph, the one going 60 mph has ______ times the force at impact as the one going 20 mph. Issues on Which NHTSA Seeks Information From the Public, A. Is this an appropriate threshold? To what extent should we expect increased effectiveness and benefits for a system utilizing occupant detection compared to a system without such technology? documents in the last year, 669 For example, a warning system could be defeated if: There are also scenarios involving inadvertent circumvention that could impact the effectiveness and accuracy of a rear belt warning system. Occupant detection technology. 2019-20644 Filed 9-26-19; 8:45 am], updated on 4:15 PM on Friday, April 28, 2023, updated on 8:45 AM on Friday, April 28, 2023, 126 documents 85. Unattended vehicles shall be parked with the drivers side facing the aircraft and so it will not interfere with aircraft being towed or taxied. Repeated violations are cause for disciplinary action, which may include suspension and/or dismissal.5. Seat belts will be worn by all occupants, at all times.6. Indicate which specific rule(s) led to your conclusion. For infants and toddlers in light trucks, the corresponding reductions are 58% and 59%, respectively. ECE Regulation No. B.) [30] As it continues with this proceeding, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) seeks comment on a variety of issues related to a requirement for a rear seat belt warning system, including potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. documents in the last year, 825 See S571.3. [81] DOT HS 812 369. 0000001958 00000 n NHTSA seeks comment on this issue, particularly on whether such electrical connection requirements should be proposed, and if so what they should be, and what types of seats they should be required for. corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. 208, as well as twenty different enhanced warning systems. Developing appropriate attitudes depends on recognizing that attitudes are: Approximately 100,000 police-reported crashes annually involve drowsiness and fatigue as a principal casual factor. [76] More information and documentation can be found in our Register documents. NHTSA is, however, cognizant of the fact that longer warnings lead to annoyance. c. PbSO4\mathrm{PbSO}_4PbSO4 [9] NOPUS observations are made during daylight hours and are not necessarily representative of high-risk driving times when belt use may be lower. For any alternative warning systems/signals that are identified, NHTSA seeks information on the issues we identify below. These include: The types of seat belt warning system requirements the agency should propose; the effectiveness of such systems at increasing rear seat belt use; the degree to which consumers would accept such systems; the associated benefits and costs; and the vehicles to which any proposed requirements should apply. SABs are being offered as standard or optional equipment on many new passenger vehicles. awards points for front and rear seat belt reminder systems (SBRSs) as part of their Safety Assist score. Overall, of those who reported experiencing a change of seat belt status alert (49%), over three-quarters of these drivers (77%) said that the unbuckled passenger eventually did refasten her seat belt, either on her own or at the driver's request. These challenges may be greater or lesser depending on the rear seat configuration of the vehicle. How can I read the comments submitted by other people? If the docket receives a comment too late for us to consider in developing a final rule (assuming that one is issued), we will consider that comment as an informal suggestion for future rulemaking action. %PDF-1.4 % The agency received 26 comments. For systems with occupant detection on all rear seating positions, the visual signal does not need to indicate the number of seat belts in use or not in use, but the signal must remain active if a seat belt remains unfastened on any of the occupied seats in the rear. How would the costs and benefits of such a warning compare to more traditional types of warnings? A.) NHTSA is considering proposing any of a variety of minimum requirements for a rear seat belt warning system. 208 currently requires a driver's seat belt warning with an audible warning lasting between four and eight seconds. See, e.g., Transportation Research Board Study, p. 25; DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, p. 2. 208) currently on the market are also typically audio-visual. 0000104337 00000 n Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, p. 1. For example, for the static suppression and low-risk deployment compliance options, FMVSS No. b. K2SO4\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4K2SO4 To what extent would requiring a warning be visible to rear passengers increase cost and complexity, and would this be justified? It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. 0000031738 00000 n (C ) that has hot summers and cold winters. The Secretary must also consider whether a proposed standard is reasonable, practicable, and appropriate for the types of motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment for which it is prescribed and the extent to which the standard will further the statutory purpose of reducing traffic accidents and associated deaths. the safest place for a child of any age to ride is in the ____ seat. This option has a target population which is substantially larger than the generic sled test, and is immediately available for implementation. UPDATED REVIEW OF POTENTIAL TEST P FMVSS NO 208 Some of these strategies are non-regulatory; some are regulatory. This compliance option would not necessitate occupant detection. NHTSA's 2015 Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System also investigated the acceptability of rear seat belt warning systems. Many in the child passenger safety community refer to the child restraint anchorage system as the LATCH system, an abbreviation of the phrase Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children. The term was developed by a group of manufacturers and retailers for use in educating consumers on the availability and use of the anchorage system and for marketing purposes. C.) inconsistent signaling Driver education test Flashcards | Quizlet The occupant is repositioned to a location within the air bag deployment path just prior to deployment by a pre-impact or at-impact event. For example, the system could indicate how many or which rear seat belts are in use (a positive-only system); how many or which rear seat belts are not in use (a negative-only system); or how many or which rear seat belts are in use and how many or which rear seat belts are not in use (a full-status system). [53] 30111,[43] If you hit an unoccupied vehicle, you want to handle the situation as if there was a driver present. NHTSA initiated a rulemaking proceeding in 2013, and as it continues with this proceeding NHTSA is seeking public comment on a variety of issues related to a requirement for a rear seat belt warning system. U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. When you send a comment containing information claimed to be confidential business information, you should include a cover letter setting forth the information specified in our confidential business information regulation. Other audible signal characteristics. NHTSA's research suggests that audible warnings in conjunction with visual warnings are generally more effective than text or icons alone, but are also more intrusive. 73. Manufacturers would Start Printed Page 51089also have to determine whether driver and rear passenger seat belt warning visual signals would be treated the same. Please see the Privacy Act discussion below. Rear seat belt use in 2017, however, was 75.4 percent. 0000042348 00000 n A.) These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the 0000113571 00000 n Owner's manual/label requirements. The relevant research reports have also been placed in the docket for this rulemaking. Because MAP-21 removed the 8-second limitation, NHTSA may require longer-lasting audible warnings. 25. 0000042748 00000 n 90. legal research should verify their results against an official edition of ECE Regulation No. 16 and is also required to obtain bonus points for a seat belt reminder system by Euro NCAP.[61]. Telltale Characteristics. However, when optimization was complete, the 30 and +30 and 25 mph 40% offset conditions were checked to ensure that all of the injury measures were 208 requires a seat belt warning system for the driver's seat, but not other seating positions. Thoracolumbar junction injuries after rollover crashes: difference Unbelted occupants are overrepresented in fatal crashes. For rear seat occupants, seat belts reduce the risk of fatality by 55 percent (for passenger cars) and 74 percent (for light trucks and vans). [ 1] For example, how would such an alert function if there were multiple rear-seat occupants? A Proposed Rule by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration on 09/27/2019. The NHTSA estimates that ___% of the 11,510 drivers with a BAC of .01 or higher who were involved in fatal crashes had BAC levels at or above .08. on NARA's archives.gov. documents in the last year, by the Environmental Protection Agency VEHICLE There are, of course, a variety of other ways the warning system might be intentionally or inadvertently circumvented. 33. Boyle & Lampkin, supra, p. iv. GM also offered rear seat belt warning systems as standard equipment in the United States (starting in MY 2010 for the Cadillac SRX and MY 2011 for the Volt) and such systems were offered on the Cadillac MY 2016 XTS and MY 2015 ELR, as well as the MY 2016 Chevy SS. FMVSS No. A rear-belt warning system may therefore present potential wiring complexities, particularly in vehicles with removable, folding, rotating, or stowable seats. Passenger vehicles with one person and an Express Pass in Toll mode or a The 2004 Transportation Research Board Report on technologies to increase seat belt use observed that, while limited, the data available to date provide strongly converging evidence in support of both the potential effectiveness and consumer acceptance of many new seat belt use technologies[. Smith, Michael Abbott, Texas CDL Section 14 Special Requirements. The second study used an experimental or focus-group-based approach to study consumer acceptance as well as effectiveness. 0000006317 00000 n New Documents MAP-21 instructs NHTSA to initiate a rulemaking proceeding for a rear seat belt warning system and to issue a final rule if it would meet the requirements in section 30111 of the Safety Act. 12. What is now the first option (S7.3(a)(1)) was added to S7.3 in 1991.[26]. Enhanced warning systems utilize warnings that are relatively longer-lasting or have an audible component beyond the minimum FMVSS No. 0000063736 00000 n We seek comment on these concerns, as well as other concerns. July 2003. 54, 57. This action is not subject to the requirements of E.O. The vehicle-based strategies included encouraging vehicle manufacturers to voluntarily install enhanced seat belt warning systems; providing consumer information on vehicles equipped with enhanced warning systems as part of NCAP; and continued monitoring and assessment of the effectiveness and acceptability of enhanced seat belt warnings through research. Motor vehicle safety standard means a minimum performance standard for motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment. This study utilized a telephone survey of the drivers of vehicles with and without rear seat belt warning systems. It also includes an audiovisual change-in-status warning. For the front seats the seat belt reminder system is required to have a 2-level approach. Next, for the type(s) of occupants upon which the criteria are based, what should the criteria be? For rear seats, only the first level warning is required, which consists of a visual warning that must be active for at least 60 seconds. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), Public Law 112-141, 31503 (2012). Euro NCAP specifies at least a 90 second visual signal for the front seats and only a 60 second visual signal for the rear seats in order to earn bonus points. [79] Are there other triggering conditions for the start of a trip NHTSA should consider, and what would be the justification for choosing them? Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, pp. Note that all comments received will be posted without change to http://www.regulations.gov,, including any personal information provided. Are there new and innovative wireless technologies that could reduce or eliminate wiring complexities, such as those used in tire pressure monitoring systems? Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, pp. 0000046831 00000 n (2019, February). [62] The ECE regulations allow the rear seat belt warning system to incorporate a short-term and/or a long-term deactivation feature for the audible change-of-status warning. Get an answer. To prevent unnecessary signals, the system must also be capable of detecting whether the front passenger seat is occupied. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), Public Law 112-141 (2012). Webbelted and unbelted occupants. Charles J. Kahane. A change in seat belt status in front and rear seats also initiates the second level warning. Provo, Utah EV Charging Stations Info | ChargeHub In addition, you should submit two copies, from which you have deleted the claimed confidential business information, to the Docket at the address given above. If you are submitting comments electronically as a PDF (Adobe) file, NHTSA asks that the documents be submitted using the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) process, thus allowing NHTSA to search and copy certain portions of your submissions. A seat belt warning can function either by alerting the driver that a rear seat belt is unbuckled, leaving it to the driver to request the rear passenger to buckle up; it can warn the rear passenger(s) directly that their belt is unbuckled; or it can warn both the driver and rear passenger(s). All of these manufacturers' rear seat belt warning systems use a display that is visible to the driver and indicates which rear seat belts are in use, as well as employing a change-of-status reminder that has visual and audible components. Removing the Driver's Seat Belt Warning Audible Signal Duration Upper Limit. 0000020009 00000 n Wandering eyes and a basic lack of attention to the road _________ the potential for a collision. For example, NHTSA could specify use of the 6-year-old test dummy. DOT HS-810-844. The Euro NCAP protocol for Safety Assist systems describes which features a seat belt reminder must have to qualify for extra points. when you are experiencing heightened stress, emotions or fatigue, the driver should: Exhaustion can manifest itself in your life in such things as: Both a and b If you are using public inspection listings for legal research, you 0000043815 00000 n We also seek comment about whether a rear seat belt warning would reliably detect a child restraint system attached by a child restraint anchorage system, or LATCH.[102]. 2015. 0000008989 00000 n documents in the last year, 1008 We seek comment on how NHTSA might specify warning requirements so that any such conflicts are avoided or minimized, and, if a conflict cannot be avoided, which warning, if any, should take precedence. Nearly two-thirds rated the reminders acceptable, and approximately 80 percent thought that they would be effective.[100]. insomnia. 0000005753 00000 n Research by NHTSA and others suggests that audible warnings in conjunction with visible warnings are potentially more effective than visible warnings alone. Does unbelted safety requirement affect protection for belted Impact and crash calculations are conducted at Porsche Seatbelt anchorage any 0 - 50 using the LS-Dyna 3D Finite Element Program. [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. Occupant detection systems are practical for the front outboard passenger seating position, as that passenger seat is not typically subject to as many of the potential complications to occupant detection posed by rear seats (such as large occupants spanning multiple seating positions). Seat belts are effective in most types of crashes. are not part of the published document itself. [42] It would not affect the minimum required duration for the audible signal (4 seconds) and would not require manufacturers to make any changes to their existing seat belt warnings that comply with the existing requirements of FMVSS No. The results of NHTSA's research are discussed in more detail in Section VI.A and VI.C-D. 82. model year vehicles. The agency also seeks comment on the safety need for such warnings and the costs and feasibility of addressing these issues. documents in the last year, 84 According to the results of NHTSA's most recent self-reporting survey of seat belt use, the Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey (MVOSS), while more than four-fifths of survey respondents said they always wore their seat belts when driving (88%) or riding as a passenger in the front seat (86%), only 58 percent said they always wore their seat belts when riding as a passenger in the rear seat. Authority has been delegated to NHTSA. 0000012756 00000 n 0000057729 00000 n In 2012, Congress passed MAP-21. 0000028596 00000 n 36, 38. 0000014383 00000 n Occupant restraint use in 2017: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. Are there situations when the warning at a low speed would result in an unnecessary or unwanted warning, and how frequently would such situations occur? when night time driving conditions exist, drivers do not need to adjust their driving, when the train has passed, start up right away; never look for another train on the same track or another track. [64] It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. This issue might predominantly affect minivans, which make up a small percentage of the fleet. documents in the last year, 19 Seat Belts Good drivers have a quiet level of efficiency in their actions. NHTSA seeks comment on what types of rear seat belt warnings consumers would accept. We seek comment on what vehicle types should be included and excluded, including the costs and benefits of inclusion. Lives Saved by Vehicle Safety Technologies and Associated Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, 1960 to 2012Passenger Cars and LTVsWith Reviews of 26 FMVSS and the Effectiveness of Their Associated Safety Technologies in Reducing Fatalities, Injuries, and Crashes. 58. 16, Revision 9 8.4.2.4.1. (Because the negative-only and full-status systems would indicate the presence of an unbuckled belt, they would probably want to avoid giving this warning unless the seat were occupied; if not, such false positives could lead the driver the disregard the warning or circumvent the system.). [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. In order to earn bonus points, Euro NCAP requires the system to activate the change of status warning immediately at vehicle speeds over 25 km/h. A.) [92] Federal Register provide legal notice to the public and judicial notice [Found in the docket for this ANPRM.]. 35. This document has been published in the Federal Register. The RFC discussed the agency's research and findings regarding rear seat belt warnings and solicited comments. 102. This series of research studies showed, among other things, that the presence of an enhanced front seat belt reminder system increased front outboard passenger seat belt use by about 3 to 4 percentage points more than in vehicles with only a driver seat belt warning system meeting the minimum requirements in S7.3. S4.2.6 (with the exception of some options). documents in the last year, 887 The hours of the docket are indicated above in the same location. abrupt turns Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns, and suggest alternatives. 208 does not require this. Performance assessment of prototype seat belt misuse detection system (Report No. Even for seats where the connections are automatically established when the seat is reinstalled, the automatic connectors might malfunction and a proper connection may not be made. B.) approaching or upon the crest of a grade Research has found that seat belts greatly reduce the risk of fatal and non-fatal injuries, compared to the risk faced by unrestrained occupants.
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